药材部位、产地及采收期对中药挥发油成分的差异性分析

中药挥发油质量的稳定性是其发挥临床疗效及确保安全性的重要前提。由于中药挥发油的质量受到入药部位、药材产地、药材采收期、提取工艺、炮制工艺等诸多因素的影响,从而导致挥发油的出油率或所含化学成分出现差异,影响中药挥发油质量的均一性,进而影响挥发油的疗效。因此,如何把控挥发油的质量是中药挥发油发挥作用的关键。分析了药材不同入药部位、不同产地和不同采收期对中药挥发油质量的影响,并对《中国药典》2015年版含有挥发油成分的196味中药按药用部位进行分类,讨论了不同入药部位、产地和采收期对中药挥发油成分的差异性,以期为中药挥发油的开发及中药挥发油质量标准的建立提供参考。     

Social support,rural/urban residence,and depressive symptoms among Chinese adults

This study aims to examine the extent to which people are socially integrated and the association between social support and depressive symptoms among Chinese adults, with regard to the moderating effect of the rural or urban residence. The author used data from the China health and longitudinal study (CHARLS), a nationally representative longitudinal survey of the population of adults aged over 45 in China. A total of 16,372 participants were included in this study, and the mean age of the sample was 59.7. Three variables were used to measure participants' social support: family size, proximity of support, and social involvement. The Chinese version of 10-item center for epidemiologic studies depression scale was used as a measurement tool for depressive symptoms. The findings demonstrate that small family size, living with a spouse, frequency of contact with children, and a number of social activities have significant effects on depressive symptoms. For all aspects of social support, the influence on depressive symptoms is not significantly different between urban and rural areas. Family support, especially the support of a spouse is crucial to prevent depression. This study also identifies the vital effect of social activity and encourages the government to improve public services, especially in rural areas.     

Intratelencephalic projections of the avian visual dorsal ventricular ridge: Laminarly segregated,reciprocally and topographically organized

Recent reports have shown that the avian visual dorsal ventricular ridge (DVR) is organized as a trilayered complex, in which the forming layers—the thalamo-recipient entopallium (E), an overlaying nidopallial stripe called intermediate nidopallium (NI), and the dorsally adjacent mesopallium ventrale—appear to be extensively interconnected by topographically organized columns of reciprocal axonal processes running perpendicular to the layers, an arrangement highly reminiscent to that of the sensory cortices of mammals. In the present report, we implemented in vivo anterograde and retrograde tracing techniques aiming to elucidate the organization of the connections of this complex with other pallial areas. Previous studies have shown that the efferent projections of the visual DVR originate mainly from the NI and E, reaching several distinct associative and premotor nidopallial areas. We found that the efferents from the visual DVR originated solely from the NI, and confirmed that the targets of these projections were the pallial areas described by previous studies. We also found novel projections from the NI to the visual hyperpallium, and to the lateral striatum. Moreover, we found that these projections were reciprocal, topographically organized, and originated from different cell populations within the NI. We conclude that the NI constitutes a specialized layer of the visual DVR that form the core of a dense network of highly specific connections between this region and other higher order areas of the avian pallium. Finally, we discuss to what extent these hodological properties resemble those of the mammalian cortical layers II/III.     

2011—2020年贵州省黔南州肺外结核流行病学特征分析

目的 了解黔南州2011—2020年肺外结核流行特征，为制定防控措施提供依据。方法 收集结核病管理信息系统登记的黔南州2011— 2020年肺外结核病例资料，采用描述流行病学方法进行分析。结果 2011—2020年黔南州肺外结核发病9 397例，年均报告发病率为28.12/10万，占全人群结核病的平均比例为19.12%（9 397/49 138），其发病率呈缓慢上升趋势；男性5 037例，占53.60%（5 037/9 397）；女性4 360例，占46.40%（4 360/9 397）。男女比例为1.16:1；全年均有病例，主要集中在第一季度和第二季度；黔南州12县（市）肺外结核患者发病数前三位分别是三都县12.60%（1 184/9 397）、罗甸县10.57%（993/9 397）和长顺县10.38%（975/9 397）。按民族分析，肺外结核中病例数前三位分别是苗族25.28%（2 376/9 397）、布依族21.68%（2 037/9 397）和水族15.56%（1 462/9 397）；10年间发病农民病例数占总发病数的63.50 %（5 967/9 397）；总体发病年龄46～60岁发病数最多。男性16～30岁和46～60岁发病数较多，呈“M”型双波峰形。女性发病数集中在31～60岁呈单波形；肺外结核以结核性淋巴腺炎最多，占全部肺外结核20.77%（1 952/9 397），其次是泌尿生殖系统结核病17.41%（1 636/9 397）和骨关节结核病13.86%（1 302/ 9 397）；发现方式以因有症状就诊和转诊为主，占83.25%（7 823/9 397）；肺外结核初治成功率96.92%（9 108/9 397），复治成功率73.36%（212/289）。结论 2011—2020年黔南州肺外结核病呈缓慢上升趋势，男性、农民、布依族、年龄46～60岁是肺外结核防治的重点人群。     

Choriocapillaris breakdown precedes retinal degeneration in age-related macular degeneration

This work presents a combined light and electron microscopical approach to investigate the initial breakdown of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and choriocapillaris (CC) in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Perimacular sections of 12 dry and wet AMD eyes (82 ± 15 years) and 7 age-matched controls (75 ± 10 years) without retinal pathology were investigated. Disease progression was classified into 5 stages of retinal degeneration to investigate the concurrent CC breakdown. Special emphasis was laid on transitions where intact CC–RPE–retina complexes went over into highly atrophied areas. AMD sections showed elevated loss of photoreceptors, RPE and CC (p < 0.01), and thickened Bruch's membrane with increased basal laminar and linear deposits compared with controls. Up to 27% of the CC was lost in controls although RPE and retina were still intact. This primary loss of CC further increased with AMD (up to 100%). The data implicate that CC breakdown already occurs during normal aging and precedes degeneration of the RPE and retina with AMD, defining AMD as a vascular disease. Particular attention should be given to the investigation of early AMD stages and transitional stages to the late stage that reveal a possible sequence of degenerative steps with aging and AMD.     

不同产地高乌头药材HPLC指纹图谱及2种生物碱成分含量测定

目的:建立不同产地高乌头药材的HPLC指纹图谱,并测定其中2种主要生物碱成分含量,为高乌头药材质量控制提供参考依据。方法:采用HPLC-DAD技术,以Dikma spursil C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),乙腈-0.05 mol·L~(-1)磷酸二氢钠水溶液为流动相梯度洗脱,建立高乌头药材的指纹图谱并进行含量测定;采用中药指纹图谱相似度评价系统(2012版)对10批样品进行共有峰确认及相似度评价;通过SPSS 21.0统计软件采用主成分分析(PCA)和聚类分析(CA)对HPLC指纹图谱进行模式识别分析。结果:建立了高乌头药材指纹图谱,10批高乌头药材的相似度均0.90;标定共有峰11个,并对其中2主要成分(高乌甲素、冉乌头碱)进行含量测定;聚类分析法(CA)将所有批次高乌头药材共分为4类,反映了10个批次不同地区高乌头药材的质量特征;主成分分析法(PCA)筛选出累计贡献率达到89.748%的4个主成分,得到决定高乌头药材质量5个化学成分。结论:建立的HPLC指纹图谱结合含量测定,PCA,CA方法,可以客观、有效、全面地用于高乌头药材的质量评价。     

新疆农村地区不孕症中医体质类型调查分析

目的:了解新疆农村地区不孕症人群中医体质分布规律。方法:取新疆农村地区筛查出的477例不孕症患者作为病例组、有生育能力的正常人群677例作为对照组,依据《中医体质分类与判定》方法辨析体质类型,调查不孕症患者的体质特点。结果:与对照组比较,病例组阳虚质、痰湿质、血瘀质、气郁质明显增多而平和质明显减少(P0.05)。在病例组中,与35岁年龄段比较,35≥岁年龄段血瘀质、气郁质明显增多(P0.05);在病例组中与病程3年者比较,病程≥5年者和病程3~5年者的血瘀质明显增多(P0.05);与原发性不孕比较,继发性不孕症患者中血瘀质显著增多(P0.05)。结论:新疆农村地区不孕症人群有易感体质共性,在不孕症不同年龄、病程及类型中血瘀质患者呈病情加重趋势。     

Brain activation patterns during unilateral premolar occlusion

Objective: To observe the characteristics of brain activation during unilateral premolar occlusion.

Methods: Functional magnetic resonance imaging was collected from 10 healthy volunteers during occlusion of the left first premolar (L1), left second premolar (L2), and right first premolar (R1). The brain activation patterns were analyzed, and the primary sensorimotor cortex, supplementary motor area, insula, thalamus, and prefrontal cortex were chosen as regions of interest.

Results: Single premolar occlusion activated the precentral gyrus, postcentral gyrus, cerebellum, thalamus, frontal lobe, hippocampus, cingulate gyrus, and parietal lobe. The brain areas showing activation during single premolar occlusion were similar to those activated by chewing. The activation pattern of L1 was more similar to that of L2 than R1. No significant left and right hemisphere differences in signal intensity were detected within the regions of interest.

Conclusion: Brain activation patterns from two ipsilateral premolars were more similar than the pattern from a contralateral premolar.     

中菲两国及不同地区唇腭裂临床治疗的比较

目的:比较不同国家、地区唇腭裂治疗的现状,为基层医院规范开展唇腭裂治疗提供具有实用参考意义的理论依据。方法:分别对2007-02-2007-07,间菲律宾Davao市医疗中心(第一组)、中国兰州大学附属第一人民医院(第二组)和中国上海交通大学医学院唇腭裂治疗研究中心(第三组)住院手术的唇腭裂病例进行比较分析。第一组共200例,男133例,女67例;单侧唇裂150例,双侧唇裂48例,腭裂2例。年龄分布是:0～12个月53例,2～4岁85例,5～12岁52例,13～18岁4例,19～25岁4例,>26岁2例。第二组共160例,男85例,女75例;单侧唇裂54例,双侧唇裂7例,腭裂53例,唇裂二期17例,牙槽突裂植骨1例,腭瘘与复裂28例。年龄分布是:0～12个月10例,2～4岁56例,5～12岁58例,13～18岁23例,19～25岁8例,>26岁5例。第三组共300例,男175例,女125例;单侧唇裂36例,双侧唇裂16例,腭裂98例,唇裂二期36例,牙槽突裂植骨33例,面横裂、斜裂5例,腭瘘与复裂29例,咽成形术32例,腭心面12例,robin 3例。年龄分布:0～12个月72例,2～4岁90例,5～12岁52例,13～18岁43例,19～25岁42例,>26岁1例。结果:第一组以唇裂为主,且手术年龄普遍过大,唇裂术式以Millard为主,口轮匝肌的对位吻合为主流术式,但该组病例单一。第三组的手术年龄小于前2组,病种明显丰富于前2组。前2组唇裂术后上唇组织明显过紧。结论:唇腭裂是颌面部最常见的先天性畸形,也是目前全球各类慈善组织或基金会热衷服务的项目之一。开展的内容与所在医院的设施有密切的关系,手术的病种除与医院设施相关外,参与术者的操作技能起着不可忽视的作用,如何做好术后随访是该类手术有待加强的工作之一。